9.3 向组件添加 Javascript/CSS/库

Drupal 7 里,推荐使用渲染数组里的 #attached 向组件添加 JavaScript 或 CSS 。许多开发者也使用 drupal_add_jsdrupal_add_css 和 drupal_add_library 。Drupal 8 只支持  #attached 。所以现在推荐把所有的 JavaScript 和 CSS 定义为一个库,之后附加到渲染数组。

创建一个库

模块的 libraries.yml 文件把你渲染页面所需要的 CSS 和 JavaScript 定义为库。这个文件指定了库中每个组件的位置。

辅助内容区是 theme_example.libraries.yml 例子。在这个例子中,我们只定义了一个库 sample-library。它包含 JavaScript 和 CSS,也依赖几个核心库。Drupal 7 里,我们假定 jQuery,jQuery.once 和 settings 是有效的。Drupal 8 ,你必须把这些定义为依赖,因为默认它们不会被加载。

这两个 CSS 例子可以在库中使用:

myElement {
  border: 3px solid purple;
  border-radius: 3px;
  padding: 1em;
  margin: 1em;
  background-color: #EEE;
}

.myElement .randomNumber {
  color: purple;
  font-weight: bold;
  font-size: 1.2em;
}

 

sample_library:
  css:
    # For some reason, you need to put css under 'theme'.
    theme:
      css/example.css: {}
  js:
    # For some reason, you need to put the js directly under 'js'.
    js/example.js: {}
  dependencies:
    # jQuery is not included by default, so we add it as a dependency
    - core/jquery
    # We are also going to use jQuery.once so that code doesn't trigger multiple times.
    - core/jquery.once
    # drupal and drupalSettings are not included by default either.
    - core/drupal

 

向组件附加库

我们已经有了库,现在可以在渲染数组内引用了。

$output = [
  '#markup' => '<div>hello world</div>',
  '#attached => [
    'library' => [
      'theme_example/sample_library',
    ],
  ],
];


我们也可以定义一个传递给 JavaScript 的设置。
$output = [
  '#markup' => '<div>hello world</div>',
  '#attached => [
    // This setting will be sent to drupalSettings.sampleLibrary.mySetting.
    'drupalSettings' => [
      'sampleLibrary' => [
        'mySetting' => 'hello world',
      ],
    ],
  ],
];

 

更新插件 #pre_render 函数:

/**
 * Prepare the render array for the template.
 */
public static function preRenderMyElement($element) {
  // Create a link render array using our #label.
  $element['link'] = [
    '#type' => 'link',
    '#title' => $element['#label'],
    '#url' => Url::fromUri('http://www.drupal.org'),
  ];

  // Create a description render array using #description.
  $element['description'] = [
    '#markup' => $element['#description']
  ];

  $element['pre_render_addition'] = [
    '#markup' => 'Additional text.'
  ];

  // Create a variable.
  $element['#random_number'] = rand(0,100);

  // Add the library
  $element['#attached'] = [
    'library' => [
      'theme_example/sample_library',
    ],
    'drupalSettings' => [
      'sampleLibrary' => [
        'mySetting' => 'hello world',
      ],
    ],
  ];

  return $element;
}

 

Drupal 8 中的 JavaScript 模式

JavaScript 的最佳实践与 Drupal 7 相同。我们把 jQuery 对象包裹在一个闭包内,把函数附加在 Drupal.behaviors 上。主要的变化是:设置变量现在是 drupalSettings 。

(function ($) {
  Drupal.behaviors.themeExample = {
    attach: function (context, settings) {
      // jQuery once ensures that code does not run after an AJAX or other function that calls Drupal.attachBehaviors().
      $('body').once('themeExample').each(function () {
        // We have console.log() here to make it easy to see that this code is functioning. You should never use console.log() on production code!
        if (typeof console.log === 'function') {
          console.log('My Setting: ' + settings.sampleLibrary.mySetting);
        }
      });
      if (typeof console.log === 'function') {
        console.log('This will run every time Drupal.attachBehaviors is run.');
      }
      $('body').once('themeExampleModifyDOM').each(function () {
        // Add an element to the body.
        $('body').append('<div>Hello World</div>');
        // Tell Drupal that we modified the DOM.
        Drupal.attachBehaviors();
      });
    }
  };
})(jQuery);

 

测试库是否工作

导航到路径 /examples/theme-example/simple,使用 Chrome 或 FireFox 查看控制台。你会看到 JavaScript 库产生的消息。

 

文件

这个练习中应该有这些文件:

  • theme_example.info.yml
  • theme_example.routing.yml
  • theme_example.libraries.yml
  • theme_example.module
  • cs/example.css
  • js/example.js
  • src/Element/MyElement.php
  • src/Controller/ThemeExampleController.php
  • templates/my-element.html.twig

本书共39小节。


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